Level of alertness/arousal component
Tieges Z, Quinn T, MacKenzie L, Davis D, Muniz-Terrera G, MacLullich AMJ, Shenkin SD. Association between components of the delirium syndrome and outcomes in hospitalised adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2021 Mar 5;21(1):162.
Richardson SJ, Davis DHJ, Bellelli G, Hasemann W, Meagher D, Kreisel SH, MacLullich AMJ, Cerejeira J, Morandi A. Detecting delirium superimposed on dementia: diagnostic accuracy of a simple combined arousal and attention testing procedure. Int Psychogeriatr. 2017; 29:1585-1593
Han JH, Brummel NE, Chandrasekhar R, Wilson JE, Liu X, Vasilevskis EE, Girard TD, Carlo ME, Dittus RS, Schnelle JF, Ely EW. Exploring Delirium’s Heterogeneity: Association Between Arousal Subtypes at Initial Presentation and 6-Month Mortality in Older Emergency Department Patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2017; 25:233-242
Grossmann FF, Hasemann W, Kressig RW, Bingisser R, Nickel CH. Performance of the modified Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale in identifying delirium in older ED patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(9):1324-1326.
Rudolph JL. Arousal, Attention, and an Abundance of Opportunity to Advance Delirium Care. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016; 17:775-6
Morandi A, Han JH, Meagher D, et al. Detecting Delirium Superimposed on Dementia: Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(9):828-833.
Bellelli G, Mazzone A, Morandi A, Latronico N, Perego S, Zazzetta S, Mazzola P, Annoni G. The Effect of an Impaired Arousal on Short- and Long-Term Mortality of Elderly Patients Admitted to an Acute Geriatric Unit. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016; 17:214-9
Han JH, Vasilevskis EE, Schnelle JF, et al. The Diagnostic Performance of the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale for Detecting Delirium in Older Emergency Department Patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(7):878-882.
Han JH, Vasilevskis EE, Shintani A, Graves AJ, Schnelle JF, Dittus RS, Powers JS, Wilson A, Storrow AB, Ely EW. Impaired arousal at initial presentation predicts 6-month mortality: An analysis of 1084 acutely ill older patients. J Hosp Med. 2014; 9:772-8
Tieges Z, McGrath A, Hall RJ, MacLullich AM. Abnormal level of arousal as a predictor of delirium and inattention: an exploratory study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013; 21:1244-53
Chester JG, Beth Harrington M, Rudolph JL; VA Delirium Working Group. Serial administration of a modified Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale for delirium screening. J Hosp Med. 2012; 7:450-3